Antidiarrheal Evaluation of Aqueous and Ethanolic Stem
Bark Extracts of Khaya
senegalensis A. Juss (Meliaceae) in Albino Rats
Ishaku L. Elisha, Micah S.
Makoshi,Sunday Makama*, Christiana J.
Dawurung, Nkechi V. Offiah§, Jurbe G. Gotep, Olusola O.
Oladipo and David Shamaki
National Veterinary Research Institute, P.M.B.
01, Vom, Plateau State, Nigeria; §Also affiliated with School of Veterinary Medicine,
Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St.
Augustine, Trinidad & Tobago
*Corresponding author: dluutsi@yahoo.com
Abstract
The stem bark of Khaya senegalensis A.
Juss (Meliaceae) is used traditionally in the treatment of malaria, intestinal
worms, diarrhea, dysentery and venereal diseases. Despite the claim as an
effective antidiarrheal remedy in both humans and animals, there is scarcity of
documented scientific information of specific
in vivo antidiarrheal test
using extracts of this plant. The number of wet feces and the distance
travelled by activated charcoal meal in rats orally given 300, 600 and 1200
mg/kg doses of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of the stem bark of
K. senegalensis were evaluated in the castor oil induced diarrhea
and gastrointestinal motility studies. The phytochemical constituents and acute
toxicity test of the extracts were also tested using standard methods. Both
extracts dose-dependently (P<0.05)
reduced diarrhea induced by castor oil in rats, but did not significantly
decrease (P>0.05) distance travelled
by charcoal in the gastrointestinal motility test. The extracts were apparently
safe at 2000 mg/kg body weight per os. Cardiac glycosides and flavonoids were
present in both extracts, while tannins were present only in the ethanolic
extract. The aqueous and ethanolic
stem bark extracts of K. senegalensis
inhibits diarrhea, at least in part, by a mechanism other than inhibition of
gastrointestinal motility. The antidiarrheal activity of
K. senegalensis may be attributed to
the flavonoid and tannin constituents present in the extracts. The ability of
K. senegalensis to significantly
protect against castor oil induced diarrhea justifies its use in traditional
management of human and animal diarrhea.