Molecular Confirmation of
Trypanosoma evansi and Babesia
bigemina in Cattle from Lower Egypt
Mahmoud M. Elhaig1,*, Abdelfattah
Selim2, Mohamed M. Mahmoud1 and Eman K
El-Gayar3
1Department
of Animal Medicine (Infectious Diseases), Faculty of Veterinary
Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt; 2Department
of Animal Medicine (Infectious Diseases), Faculty of Veterinary
Medicine, Benha University, P.O. Box 13736, Toukh, Egypt; 3Department
of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University,
Ismailia, 41522, Egypt *Corresponding author: melhaig@vet.suez.edu.eg; mahmoudvet1975@gmail.com
Abstract
Trypanosomosis and babesiosis are economically
important vector-borne diseases for animal health and productivity in developing
countries. In Egypt, molecular epidemiological surveys on such diseases are
scarce. In the present study, we examined 475 healthy and 25 clinically
diagnosed cattle from three provinces in Lower Egypt, for
Trypanosoma (T.)
and Babesia (B.) infections using an ITS1 PCR assay that
confirmed Trypanosoma species presence
and an 18S rRNA assay that detected B.bigemina. Results confirmed
Trypanosoma spp. and
B. bigemina presence in 30.4% and 11%
individuals, respectively, with eight animals (1.6%) being co-infected with both
hemoparasites. Subsequent type-specific PCRs revealed that all
Trypanosoma PCR positive samples
corresponded to T. evansi and that
none of the animals harboured T. brucei
gambiense or T. brucei rhodesiense.
Nucleotide sequencing of the variable surface glycoprotein revealed the T.
evansi cattle strain to be most closely related (99% nucleotide sequence
identity) to strains previously detected in dromedary camels in Egypt, while the
18S rRNA gene phylogeny confirmed the presence of a unique B. bigemina
haplotype closely related to strains from Turkey and Brazil. Statistically
significant differences in PCR prevalence were noted with respect to gender,
clinical status and locality. These results confirm the presence of high numbers
of carrier animals and signal the need for expanded surveillance and control
efforts.