Evaluation of Antibacterial Effect of
Gymnema sylvestre R.Br.
SpeciesCultivated in
Pakistan
Muhammad Tahir1, Muhammad Adil Rasheed1
⃰, Qamar Niaz1, Muhammad Ashraf1, Aftab
Ahmad Anjum2 and Muhammad Usman Ahmed1
1Department
of Pharmacology and Toxicology,
2Department of Microbiology,
University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Lahore, 54000, Punjab,
Pakistan;
*Corresponding author:
dr_aadil@uvas.edu.pk
Abstract
The present study was
designed to evaluate the antibacterial activity and safety of sequential
extracts of Gymnema sylvestre R.Br.(Gurmar) leaves. Antibacterial activity of
chloroformic, hexane, ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Gymnema sylvestre
leaves was evaluated against five bacterial poultry pathogens i.e.
Staphylococcus aureus, Clostridium perfringens type-A, Escherichia coli,
Salmonella enterica, Haemophillus paragallinarum by using agar well diffusion method. Stock solutions of 0.1gm/1ml of
all the extracts were prepared. Chloroform and ethanolic extracts of Gymnema sylvestre showed better antibacterial activity against all
isolates of selected microorganisms,
while hexane extract showed antibacterial activity against Salmonella enterica, Staphylococcus aureus,
Haemophillus paragallinarum and
Clostridium perfringens type-A, but no activity against
Escherichia coli. On the other hand,
aqueous extract showed antibacterial activity only against
Clostridium perfringens type-A, while
no activity against remaining four bacteria. MTT Assay was performed to evaluate in-vitro
cytotoxicity of these extracts by using Vero cell line. Cell Survival Percentage
was calculated. Results of MTT assay showed that 2900, 3612.50, 4075 and
1562.50µg/ml concentrations of hexane, chloroform, ethanol and aqueous extracts
respectively had no cytotoxic effect. The antibacterial and MTT Assay suggested
that sequential extracts of dried leaves of Gymnema sylvestre can be used
as a safer antibacterial agent against the above bacteria. All results were
compared statistically using DMR (Duncan’s
Multiple Range) Post hoc test at P≤0.05 which showed that ZOI and MIC values were
significantly varied between groups while there was no variation within same
group.