Insulin from Human, Camel and farm Animals: Comparative
Bioinformatics and Molecular Dynamics Studies
Mahmoud Kandeel1,2,*, Khalid Albusadah1,
Salman H. Alaydaa3, Ibrahim Albokhadaim1,
Sameer Alhojaily1 and Mohamed Marzok4,5
1Department
of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal
University, Al-Ahsa,
Saudi Arabia
2Department
of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh
University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt.
3General
Department of Research and Studies, Saudi Ministry of Health,
Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
4Department
of Clinical studies, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal
University, Al-Ahsa,
Saudi Arabia
5Department
of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University,
Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
*Corresponding author:
mkandeel@kfu.edu.sa
Abstract
The insulin self-association and dissociation is
an important trend in drug discovery studies and insulin structural-activity
optimizations. Currently, little is known about the structural basis of insulin
activity in animals in general and specifically camels for their unique glycemic
status. To fill a knowledge gap in insulin molecular aspects in animals and
their future application in human medicine, this research used a structural
analysis method that included protein sequence panel comparison followed by
molecular dynamics studies. The identity% with human insulin was in the
following order swine=rabbit>bovine=ovine>camel with amino acid differences
range from 1-4 residues. The residue scanning and mutation of the B chain
residue T30 in human insulin to the alanine residue in
bovine, camel, and ovine insulin
resulted in decreased insulin dimer affinity and stability with Δ stability
equals 3.94, 8.43 and 8.43, respectively. The camel insulin showed the highest
conformational changes, retarded arrival to the steady state of residues
deviation, the most prominent asymmetric monomer fluctuations, the shortest
distance between the insulin-stabilizing cysteines disulfide bonds and less
conformationally stable insulin monomer 2. The camel insulin dimer is
expected to be more dissociable to yield active monomers and to lesser extent
swine, bovine and ovine dimers. In addition, the camel monomer is stabilized by
the stronger inter-chains cysteines recognition. The merit of residue mutation
at dimer interface to mimic the B-chain T30 from camel, swine, and bovine
insulin might help in improving the human insulin dimer dissociation and hence
the shorter duration to release the active insulin monomer.
To Cite This Article:
Kandeel M, Albusadah K, Alaydaa SH, Albokhadaim I,
Alhojaily S and Marzok M,
2021.
Insulin from human,
camel and farm animals: Comparative bioinformatics and molecular dynamics
studies.