Potassium permanganate (KMnO₄) solution, a potent oxidizing agent, has been extensively employed in veterinary medicine for uterine washing, wound cleansing, and many other therapeutic purposes. However, its related toxicity and adverse effects often remain unnoticed due to its extensive use as an antiseptic and disinfectant. This review aims to explore the potential risks and harmful effects of using potassium permanganate in veterinary medicine. Through an in-depth review of the scientific literature and authoritative analysis, this article discusses the significance of various antiseptics, the mode of action of potassium permanganate, its pharmacokinetics, dosage, toxicity, allergenicity and historical use in the human and veterinary practices. As a vital constituent of numerous commercially important chemical entities, including medicines, potassium permanganate is used for wound cleansing and uterine flushing because it can effectively disrupt cell wall and damage DNA of pathogenic organisms, effectively mitigating bacterial and fungal infections. However, it can also adversely affect living cells, leading to inflammation, oxidative stress, and ulcerative injury. Excessive and prolonged exposure of body tissue to potassium permanganate can cause damage to vital organs such as the liver and kidneys, induce digestive system malfunctions and provoke reproductive disorders. Furthermore, it can contaminate milk and meat, and potentially instigate a reduction in milk production of the animal. The present review primarily aims to enhance veterinarians' understanding regarding the therapeutic applications and potential hazards of KMnO₄, as well as to highlight the importance of its judicious use to minimize its negative repercussions on animal and human health.