A One Health Perspective of Pet Birds Bacterial Zoonosis and
Prevention
Muhammad Haidar Farooq Qureshi1,
Fakhra Azam1, Muhammad Shafique2, Bilal Aslam2,
Muhammad Farooq3, Aziz ur Rehman4, Muhammad
Kamran Rafique4, Muhammad Tahir Meraj4 and
Ishtiaq Ahmed4*
1Institute
of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of
Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan; 2Institute of
Microbiology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan;
3Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary &
Animal Sciences, Jhang campus (CVAS), Pakistan; 4Department
of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences Lahore
(sub-campus Jhang), Pakistan
*Corresponding author:
ishtiaqahmed@uvas.edu.pk
Abstract
One Health addresses the intricate relationship
between humans, animals, and the environment, and pet or wild animal zoonosis is
an important aspect in this regard. The pet bird ownership has grown in
popularity, and owners frequently raise their birds close to their houses. They
harbor the pathogens and are involved in disease transmission. They have
relevance due to their lethality and zoonotic potential. Parrots, pigeons,
passeriformes, and poultry birds are most frequently kept as pets. These birds
are kept in housing that complies with industry standards for the care of pet
birds. In addition to being kept as pets, these birds are possible transmitters
or carriers of several infections thought to be the cause of zoonotic diseases.
Bacterial, viral, parasitic, and fungal infections are all included in the list
of zoonotic diseases. Understanding the method by which zoonotic illnesses
spread requires an understanding of the mode of transmission. Companion birds
typically harbor Lactobacillus,
Streptococcus, Corynebacterium, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and
Micrococcus spp., among other germs as their normal flora. Most frequently
reported Gram-negative bacterial pathogens of pet birds include
Klebsiella, Pseudomonas, Aeromonas,
Proteus, Enterobacter, Campylobacter, Yersinia, Citrobacter spp,
Chlamydia, Salmonella, and Escherichia
coli. Commonly reported Gram-positive bacterial pathogens of companion birds
are Clostridium,Mycobacterium, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus, and
Enterococcus. In this review, bacteria of public health importance in pet
birds have been covered with zoonotic disease categories, their transmission and
spread of zoonoses, control and prevention recommendations are made for
individual public health and biosafety.
To Cite This Article:
Qureshi MHF, Azam F, Shafique M, Aslam B, Farooq
M, Rehman AU, Rafique MK, Meraj MT and Ahmed I, 2024. A one health perspective
of pet birds bacterial zoonosis and prevention. Pak Vet J, 44(1): 1-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.29261/pakvetj/2024.147