PAKISTAN
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Modulation of Energy Drink-Induced Hepato-renal and Testicular Toxicity by Pomegranate Peel Extract: Insights from Histopathological and Immunohistochemical Analyses
 
Mohamed M. S. Gaballa1, Osama Ahmed2,3, Sally Elsharkawey4, Marim Fayz Abdow5, Salma Shoulah6, Fatma Wahba Hassan7, Mohamed Alkafafy8, Khalil Mohamed9, Ahmed Soliman10, Ahmed Farag11, Mohamed Aboubakr12* and Mohamed Shaalan13,14
 

1Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Toukh 13736, Egypt; 2Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Toukh 13736, Egypt; 3Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Veterinary Medicine program, Benha National University, Egypt; 4Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Egypt; 5Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Egypt; Department of Animal Medicine (Infectious Diseases), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University,Toukh 13736, Egypt; 7 Physiology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, 12211 Giza, Egypt; Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia; 9 Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Faculty of Public Health and Health Informatics, Umm Al-Qura University, Saudi Arabia; 10 Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, 12211 Giza, Egypt; 11 Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology, and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt; 12* Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Toukh 13736, Egypt; 13 Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt; 14 Polymer Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 41 Bratislava, Slovakia.
*Corresponding author: mohamed.aboubakr@fvtm.bu.edu.eg

Abstract   

Energy drink consumption, particularly among teenagers and young adults, has experienced a significant rise in recent years. However, mounting research points to the potential for chronic energy drink use to cause biochemical and histological abnormalities in vital organs such as the liver, kidneys, and reproductive system. To investigate whether pomegranate peel extract could offer protection against these toxic effects, this study was conducted on adult male albino rats divided into five groups: a control group, a pomegranate peel extract group, an energy drink group administered Red Bull®, a group pre-treated with pomegranate peel extract before energy drink consumption, and a group given energy drink followed by pomegranate peel extract. Over a 12-week treatment period, serum and tissue samples were collected to analyze liver and kidney function markers, lipid profile, oxidative stress levels, and histological changes. Rats those consumed energy drinks for 12 weeks exhibited elevated liver enzymes, impaired kidney function, disrupted lipid profiles, increased oxidative stress, and noticeable morphological changes in liver, kidney, and testicular tissues. In contrast, rats those received pomegranate peel extract either before or after energy drink consumption showed significant improvements in these parameters, demonstrating the protective effects of pomegranate peel extract in attenuating biochemical abnormalities and restoring tissue histology. These findings suggest that pomegranate peel extract has both therapeutic and preventive potential against the toxicity induced by chronic energy drink consumption, offering valuable insights that could inform strategies to reduce the adverse health effects associated with the regular use of energy drinks.

To Cite This Article: Gaballa MMS, Ahmed O, Elsharkawey S, Abdow MF, Shoulah S, Hassan FW, Alkafafy M, Mohamed K, Soliman A, Farag A, Aboubakr M and Shaalan M, 2024. Modulation of Energy Drink-Induced Hepato-renal and Testicular Toxicity by Pomegranate Peel Extract: Insights from Histopathological and Immunohistochemical Analyses. Pak Vet J. http://dx.doi.org/10.29261/pakvetj/2024.293

 
 
   
 

ISSN 0253-8318 (Print)
ISSN 2074-7764 (Online)



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