Polyphenolic Gum Arabic Extract with Antidiabetic, Antioxidant,
Anticancer, and Antimicrobial Activities Enhances Blood
Biochemistry, Heat Stress Genes, and Reproductive Hormones in Heat
and Cisplatin Nephrotoxicity-Stressed Mice
Nahed S. Alharthi1, Karima Bel Hadj Salah2,3,
Maryam Hassan Al-Zahrani4, Amani A. Alyoubi5,
Ghadah M. S. A. Abuzinadah6, Wafaa Ahmed Alhazmi7,
Maha Abdullah Momenah8, Mohammed A. Alqahtani9,
Abdullah Mashraqi10 and Madeh Sadan*11
1Department
of Medical Laboratory, College of Applied Medical Sciences in Al-Kharj,
Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, 11942, Saudi
Arabia; 2Biological Sciences Department, College of
Science & Arts, King Abdulaziz
University, Rabigh, 21911, Saudi Arabia; 3Laboratory of
Transmissible Diseases and Biologically Active Substances, Faculty
of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Monastir, 5019, Tunisia; 4Biochemistry
Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah,
21589, Saudi Arabia; 5ChemistryDepartment,
College of Science & Arts, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh,
21911, Saudi Arabia; 6Department of Biological Sciences,
Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi
Arabia; 7Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences,
Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University,
Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; 8Department of Biology, College of
Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box
84428, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia; 9Department of
Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, 61413,
Saudi Arabia; 10Biology Department, College of Science,
Jazan University, Jazan, 82817, Saudi Arabia; 11Department
of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Qassim
University, P.O. Box 6622, Buraidah, 51452, Saudi Arabia
*Corresponding author:
m.sadan@qu.edu.sa
Abstract
Gum Arabic (GA) extract, rich in polyphenols and phenolic acids, has shown
promising effects in various biomedical applications. Acute renal injury (AKI)
is a serious condition with high morbidity and mortality, while heat stress can
exacerbate kidney damage. This study aimed to assess the antioxidant,
anticancer, antimicrobial, and antidiabetic activities of GA extract, and to
evaluate its protective role against heat stress and cisplatin-induced AKI in
rats. A total of 210 mice were divided into seven groups (n=10 each), with three
replicates: control, AKI, heat stress, low-dose GA (2%), high-dose of GA (10%),
Cisplatin+high-dose of GA, and heat stress+high-dose of GA. Heat stress proteins
(HSP70, HSP90), renal function markers (urea, creatinine), lipid profile (TC,
TG, LDL, HDL) glucose and insulin level, sex hormones (testosterone, LH, FSH),
oxidative stress parameters (MDA, CAT, SOD, GPx), inflammatory markers (TNF-α,
IL-1β), and precancerous markers (BAX, Casp-3)were measured. The results indicated that GA extract demonstrated
significant antioxidant, anticancer, antimicrobial, and antidiabetic activities,
where scavenged 92% of DPPH free radicals, reduced 85% of breast cancer cell
lines, and inhibited the growth of pathogenic bacteria and fungi in the MIC
range of 0.5-2%. Furthermore, it inhibited the α-amylase and α-glucosidase by 78
and 85%, respectively. GA also ameliorated renal function markers and reduced
oxidative stress by decreasing MDA, glucose, and insulin levels, while
increasing CAT, SOD, GPx, and reproductive hormones levels. It downregulated
pro-inflammatory cytokines and precancerous markers, increased HSP70 and HSP90
levels, and mitigated histopathological alterations in the kidneys of AKI rats.
These findings suggest that the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of
GA contribute to its renoprotective effects. Thus, GA extract may offer a
promising natural therapeutic approach for mitigating heat stress and managing
cisplatin-induced AKI.
To Cite This Article:
Alharthi NS, Salah KBH, Al-Zahrani MH,
Alyoubi AA, Abu-Zinadah GMA, Alhazmi WA, Momenah MA, Alqahtani MA, Mashraqi A
and Sadan M, 2025. Polyphenolic Gum
Arabic Extract with Antidiabetic, Antioxidant, Anticancer, and Antimicrobial
Activities Enhances Blood Biochemistry, Heat Stress Genes, and Reproductive
Hormones in Heat and Cisplatin Nephrotoxicity-Stressed Mice. Pak Vet J.
http://dx.doi.org/10.29261/pakvetj/2025.121