The increasing use of magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgO NPs) in various industries has raised significant concerns about their detrimental effects via oxidative stress and histopathological damage in aquatic species. This study evaluated the protective potential of banana (Musa acuminata) pulp and peel against MgO NPs-induced toxicity in Rohu (Labeo rohita). Fish were divided into seven groups: a control group, three groups (T1-T3) treated with varying doses of MgO NPs (100, 200, and 400mg/kg feed), and three groups (T4-T6) treated with MgO NPs and banana pulp. Visceral organs (kidneys and brain) of all the experimental fish were removed and processed for inquisition of oxidative stress and antioxidant enzymes at days 7, 14, 21 and 28^th of trial. Fish exposed to MgO NPs (T1-T3) exhibited significant increase (p < 0.05) in oxidative stress biomarkers like reactive oxygen species (ROS) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), while significantly lower contents of antioxidant enzyme including superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) were recorded. Histopathological analysis revealed severe damage in kidneys (renal atrophy, glomerular deterioration, necrosis of renal tubular epithelial cells) and brain (neuronal degeneration, atrophy of neuron, eccentric neurons and necrosis of neurons) of MgO NPs treated fish. Conversely, fish reared in groups (T4-T6) supplemented with mixture of banana pulp and peel noticeably indicated improvement in the contents of antioxidant enzymes, reduced oxidative stress and lowered severity of tissue damage demonstrating the efficacy of banana derived compounds in alleviating MgO NPs-induced toxicity. This study underscores the potential of banana-based feed additives as a natural and sustainable solution to enhance the health and resilience of aquatic species in different environmental contaminated ecosystems.

To Cite This Article: Muhammad Khalid, Rehana Iqbal, Muhammad Ali, Sajid Raza Khan, Muhammad Rauf Ahmed, Beenish Imtiaz, Zahid Iqbal, Sana Alam, Konul Ahmadova and Riaz Hussain, 2025. Ameliorative effects of Banana (Musa acuminata) on nephrotoxicity and neurotoxicity experimentally induced by Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticles in Rohu (Labeo rohita). Pak Vet J. http://dx.doi.org/10.29261/pakvetj/2025.146