U. Farooq, H. A. Samad*, F. Sher1, M. Asim1
and M. Arif Khan2
University College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, The Islamia
University of Bahawalpur; 1Government Livestock Farm,
Jugaitpeer, Bahawalpur; 2Cholistan Development Authority,
Bahawalpur, Pakistan *Corresponding author: samad.hafiz@yahoo.com
Abstract
Cholistan, once a green and prosperous land with the source of water being the
ancient
Hakra
River,
was also the cradle of great Hakra Valley Civilization. It is sprawled at an
area of 26,000 Km2, located between the latitudes 27º42´and
29º45´North and longitudes 69º52´and 75º24´East. The bioclimatic system of
Cholistan falls under the category of “tropical desert” with very scanty
rainfall. Geomorphologically, the soils of Cholistan are a complex blend of
river alluvium and Aeolin sands. Based on topography, type of soiland vegetation, this desert is divided into two geomorphic regions: the
Lesser Cholistan (the Northern 7,770 Km² region) and the Greater Cholistan (the
Southern 18,130 Km² region). The primary source of water is rainfall which is
utilized through natural depressions or man-made ponds called
“Tobas” and “Dahars.” The secondary
source is underground water which is brackish and salty and not fit for
human/animal consumption. Two livestock production systems prevail under
pastoralism in Cholistan viz.
transhumanie and nomadic. Despite an uncertain, unpredictable rainfall, low
humidity and extremes in temperatures, Cholistan has long been famous for
raising different breeds of livestock, contributing a significant share to
national milk, meat and wool output. The total livestock population estimated
during 2006 was 12,09528, out of which 47% were cattle. Cholistani cattle are
considered to be ancestor of the Sahiwal and are a thermo-tolerant,
tick-resistant breed. Preliminary data on some productive and reproductive
traits of Cholistani cows maintained at Govt. Livestock Station, Jugait Peer,
Bahawalpur during the period 2005 to 2009 revealed the avergae values for the
productive traits i.e. lactation length, lactation yield, dry period, service
period and fat percentage in milk as 165 days, 1235 liters, 155 days, 121 days
and 4.8%, respectively. Similarly, the average values for reproductive traits
i.e. age at maturity, age at first calving, gestation period and calving
interval were 1112, 1390, 278 and 422 days, respectively, which are at par with
those of Sahiwal and Red Sindhi cattle. However, comprehensive data supported by
research need to be analyzed to manipulate the potentials of this breed.
Furthermore, gene mapping and Marker Assisted Selection (MAS) will open up new
horizons to study performance traits of Cholistani cattle in detail.
Key words:
Cattle,
Cholistan, Hakra river,
Pastoralists,
Performance traits