Anthelmintic Activity of a Herbal Formulation Against
Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Sheep
Muhammad Arfan Zaman*§, Zafar Iqbal, Muhammad Nisar Khan
and Ghulam Muhammad1
Department of Parasitology; 1Department of Clinical
Medicine & Surgery, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan;
§Present Address: College of Veterinary and Animal
Sciences, Jhang, Sub-Campus University of Veterinary and Animal
Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
*Corresponding Author: muhammadarfan2003@hotmail.com
Abstract
This study was carried out to evaluate the anthelmintic activity of a herbal
formulation (HF) based on aqueous extracts of leaves of Azadirachta indica
and Nicotiana tabacum, flowers of Calotropis procera and seeds of
Trachyspermum ammi. In vitro, eggs and adult Haemonchus
contortus were exposed to different concentrations of HF following the
standard procedures of egg hatch test (EHT; 50 to 0.024414 mg ml-1)
and adult motility assay (AMA; 200-0.1953125mg ml-1), respectively.
The reference drugs used in the study were oxfendazole (0.0056704 to 0.0000027
mg ml-1) and levamisole (1.50 mg ml-1) for EHT and AMA,
respectively. In vivo, pre and post-treatment (4 mg, 2 mg and 500 µg kg-1
body weight) fecal egg counts were determined following standard fecal egg count
reduction test in sheep naturally parasitized with mixed species of
gastrointestinal nematodes. In EHT, LC50 values of HF and oxfendazole
(reference drug) were 275.1 and 0.016 µg ml-1, respectively. In AMA,
100% mortality of H. contortus was observed 6 hr post-exposure to
3.125-200 mg ml-1 concentrations of HF and 2 hr post-exposure to
levamisole. In vivo, maximum (96.2%) fecal egg count (EPG) reduction was
recorded in sheep treated with HF @ 4 mg kg-1 body weight; whereas,
89.3% reduction in EPG was recorded in sheep treated with levamisole @ 7.5 mg kg-1
body weight. A graded dose response was noted in all the tests used in the
present study to evaluate the anthelmintic activity of HF. Therefore, HF seems
to be promising as an anthelmintic for animals. Large scale trials on efficacy
and safety, however, are recommended before the HF is considered for
commercialization in crude form.