Comparative Suitability of Ear Notch Biopsy and
Serum Pairs for Detecting Nature of Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus
Infection in Dairy Herds
Arfan Ahmad, Masood
Rabbani, Muhammad Zubair Shabbir, Khushi Muhammad1, Tahir
Yaqub,Muhammad Kashif Saleemi2, Rana Khurram
Khalid, Muhammad Abu Bakr Shabbir3 and Shumaila Yousaf
Alvi4
Diagnostic Laboratory;
1Department of Microbiology, University of Veterinary and
Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan; 2Department of
Pathology; 3Institute of of Microbiology, University of
Agriculture, Faisalabad; 4Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology,
Faisalabad, Pakistan
*Corresponding Author:iffivet@uvas.edu.pk
Abstract
Suitability of ear notch biopsy (EN) and serum
pairs (n= 307) collected from 10 Holstein dairy herds
located in Charlottetown, Canada was
evaluated for simultaneous detection, nature of bovine viral diarrhea virus
(BVDV) infection and genotype of the prevailing BVDV through Real time RT-PCR.
Depending upon vaccination status and age, the sampled animals were categorized
into two groups, A (n=123, ≤ 6 month of age) and B (n=184, ≥ 6 months of age)
originating from 4 vaccinated (n=108) and 3 non-vaccinated (n=76) animal herds.
On first round of testing a discrepancy between ear notch biopsies and sera
pairs (3.25% and 6.50%, P<0.05) of groups A was observed, however, a complete
harmony (50% for EN and sera each, P<0.01 was found on second round of testing
that confirmed the presence of 4 persistent infection (PI) animals harboring
genotype 1 of BVDV. Complete concordance between
EN and sera pairs (P<0.01) on first and follow
up testing in group B was observed (2.77%, each), depicting 3 PI animals with
the same genotype as in group A. In the study, ear notch biopsies did not detect
any transient infection (TI) but sera samples detected 3.25% transiently
infected animals in group A that was 1.30 % among all the test samples (n=307)
while no TI animal was found in group B.
It may be concluded that both
the serum and ear notch biopsy can be used to detect PI animals and that, serum
samples are more sensitive than ear notch (P < 0.05) for detection of TI using
real time RT-PCR.
Key words:
Bovine viral diarrhoea,
Diagnosis,
Genotyping,
Holstein dairy CP,
NCP,
Real time RT-PCR