Effect of Aflatoxin
Induced Immunosuppression on Pathogenesis of H9N2 Avian Influenza
Virus
Hala MF El Miniawy1,
Kawkab A Ahmed1, Ahmed A El-Sanousi2
and Marwa M Salah Khattab1
1Department of Pathology; 2Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,
Cairo University, El Giza Square, Giza, Egypt.
*Corresponding author:
marimar_topaz@yahoo.com
Abstract
The study was performed to investigate the
immunosuppressive effect of aflatoxin on the pathogenesis of H9N2 AI virus in
SPF chickens. The experiment was carried out on 110 unvaccinated day old SPF
chicks. They were divided into four groups of 25 birds each. Group I was kept as
a non-treated and non-infected control; group II was
intranasally infected with H9N2 AI virus at the 4th week of age;
group III was fed on a diet containing 0.75 ppm aflatoxin from day one through
the entire experiment period and group IV was fed on diet containing 0.75 ppm
aflatoxin as group III and infected intranasally with H9N2 AI virus at the 4th
week of age. Five chicks were kept as contact control
(without infection) to group II and group IV.
Five chickens from each group were slaughtered at 4th, 9th,
14th, 20th and 27th DPI
Serum was collected from all slaughtered birds (5 serum samples/group/slaughter
time) for serology (HI). Specimens from nasal conchae, trachea, lungs, liver,
kidneys, bursa of Fabricius, thymus, spleen, pancreas and brain were collected
from slaughtered birds for histopathology and immunohistochemistry. The
histopatholo- gical lesions were more severe and persist till the end of the
experiment in group IV. Using immunoperoxidase technique viral antigens were
detected in the nasal conchae, trachea, lungs, thymus, kidneys and brain in
group II while in group IV it extended further to the pancreas and bursa of
Fabricius. In conclusion, the immunosuppression caused by aflatoxin increased
the severity of lesions and allowed the virus to be disseminated to more organs.