1Department
of Veterinary Pathology; 2PoultryDisease
Diagnosis and Surveillance Laboratory, Veterinary College and
Research Institute, Namakkal, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal
Sciences University, Tamil Nadu State, India;
*Corresponding author: srinipat2004@yahoo.com
Abstract
The prevalence of
Salmonella species in commercial layer chicken in Namakkal poultry
zone of India was investigated. Samples collected from 6572 dead birds of 85
farms during necropsy were screened for the presence of
Salmonella species by cultural examination and two farms were
positive for Salmonella enterica
organisms and identified as Salmonella
typhimurium in serotyping. The S.
typhimurium isolates were amplified in polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and
produced two fragment sizes viz. 363
bp for kpnI gene and 497 bp for
Pef A gene. The prevalence of
S. typhimurium in commercial layer
farms in Namakkal area was estimated as 2.35%. Feed and fish meal was found
contaminated with S. typhimurium and
Clostridium perfringens and acted as
source of infection in the positive flocks.The age of layer chicken of the affected farms were 24 and 30 wk with a
morbidity of 3 and 4%, drop in egg production of 2 and 3% and mortality of 0.5
and 1%, respectively. On necropsy examination ovaries were congested,
misshapened and oviduct serosal blood vessels were congested and mucosa
contained albuminous material in 65% and cheesy plugs in 35% of the 17 positive
birds. Histopathologically, decreased villi height and inflammatory changes in
intestine and infiltration of inflammatory cells in ovaries and necrosis,
infiltration of inflammatory cells and granulomatous reaction in the different
regions of the oviduct were noticed. It was concluded that supplementation of
contaminated fish meal in poultry feed could be the source of
Salmonella infection in commercial
layer flocks.