Antitrypanosomal and Cytotoxic Activities of
Selected Medicinal Plants and Effect of
Cordyline terminalis on
Trypanosomal Nuclear and Kinetoplast Replication
HO Dyary, AK Arifah*,
RSK Sharma and A Rasedee
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra
Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia *Corresponding author:
arifah@upm.edu.my
Abstract
Surra is a hemoprotozoal disease affecting
domesticated and wildlife animals. The causative agent is the hemoprotozoan
parasite Trypanosoma evansi. Only few
drugs are currently available for the treatment of this disease that are old and
encounter the problem of resistance emergence, which punctuates the urgent
demand for new drugs for the treatment of surra. In the current study, the
antitrypanosomal activity of the aqueous and ethanol extracts of five selected
medicinal plants namely Acanthus
ilicifolius, Allium sativum,
Cordyline terminalis,
Goniothalamus tapis and
Maesa ramentacea was evaluated
in vitro against
T. evansi strain Te7 and the cytotoxic activity of the extracts was
evaluated on Vero cells using MTT-cell proliferation assay. The ethanol extract
of leaves of G. tapis scored the most
potent antitrypanosomal activity (IC50 of 7.61µg/ml) and a
selectivity index (SI) of 11.47, while the aqueous extract of
C. terminalis leaves exhibited an IC50
of 48.1 µg/ml and the highest SI of 27.21. Addition of 50 µg/ml of
C. terminalis extract to
T. evansi culture has led to a
significant inhibition of nuclear and kinetoplast DNA replication, contributing
to its in vitro antitrypanosomal
activity. From the current study, it can be concluded that the aqueous extract
of leaves of C. terminalis shows
considerable antitrypanosomal activity and it could be a potential source of new
antitrypanosomal compounds.