Clinico-biochemical Investigation of Paratuberculosis of Dromedary
Camels in Saudi Arabia: Proinflammatory Cytokines, Acute Phase
Proteins and Oxidative Stress Biomarkers
WM El-Deeb1, TA Fouda1 and SM El-Bahr2*
1Department
of Clinical studies, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal
Resources, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia (Also
affiliated with Department of Veterinary Medicine, Infectious
Diseases and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura
University, Mansoura, Egypt); 2Department
of Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology (Biochemistry), College
of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Resources, King Faisal University,
Al-AhsaSaudi Arabia (Also affiliated with Department of Biochemistry,
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Egypt) *Corresponding author:
sabryelbahr@hotmail.com
Abstract
Searching for suitable biomarkers for diagnosis
of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis is the key for control
of Johne's disease. In the current study, two sets of twenty camels each, one
infected with paratuberculosis and other normal healthy were executed. The basis
for the infection was positive findings of clinical examination, Ziehl Neelsen
staining of rectal smear and PCR of extracted bacterial DNA from feces. The
present findings revealed significant decrease in total erythrocyte counts (TEC)
and hemoglobin concentration (Hb) with significant increase in total leucocytes
counts (TLC), packed cell volume (PCV) and neutrophils percentages of infected
camels compare to control. A significant decrease in values of total proteins,
albumin and glucose with significant elevation of concentration of blood urea
nitrogen (BUN) and bilirubin and enzyme activities of aspartate transaminase
(AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma glutamyle
transferase (GGT) and Glutamic acid dehydrogenase (GLDH) were noted in the serum
of infected camels compare to control. Acute phase proteins (APP) namely,
haptoglobin (Hp), serum amyloid A (SAA) and fibrinogen (Fb) and proinflammatory
cytokines namely, interleukins (1α, 1β, 10, 6), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α)
and interferon gamma (INF-γ) were significantly increased in infected camel
compare to control. Significant decrease in the levels of oxidative stress
biomarkers namely, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione concentration (GSH)
and catalase (CAT) with significant increase in the levels of Malondialdhyde
(MDA) were observed in infected camel compare to control. The present study
suggests APP, proinflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress parameters as
additional biomarkers forparatuberculosisin camel.