Seroprevalence and Associated Risk Factors of
Leptospira interrogans
Serovar Hardjo in Dairy
Cattle of Chittagong, Bangladesh
MA Parvez*, MAM Prodhan, MA Rahmanand
MR Faruque
Department of Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of
Veterinary Medicine, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences
University, Khulshi, Chittagong-4225, Bangladesh *Corresponding author: aparvez0445@gmail.com
Abstract
A serological survey was conducted to determine
the seroprevalence and risk factors of leptospirosis in commercial dairy cattle
in Chittagong, Bangladesh during the period of April 2011 to September 2012.
This study was carried out by randomly selected six farms having 206 dairy cows.
A total of 110 serum samples were collected for the detection of
Leptospira (L.) interrogans serovar Hardjo
antibody by ELISA. The results showed that a total of 52 sera were positive (seroprevalence
47.27%). Urine samples were collected from seropositive animal for the detection
of Leptospira organisms under dark
field microscopy but none were found positive. The univariate analysis revealed
that the prevalence of leptospirosis was significantly higher in lactating
animals and pregnant cows (P<0.05). Among farm level exposures; owner’s
educational qualification, source of semen, size of farm, farm and number of
employees were potential factors of leptospirosis (P<0.05). A multivariate
analysis showed that the higher educational qualification of farm owners
(OR=1.35), farms having more than 15 employee (OR=13) and farms located in peri-urban
areas (OR=1.14) had higher risk of leptospirosis. However, the study concluded
that leptospirosis is prevalent and distributed among dairy farms in Chittagong,
Bangladesh. The seropositive dairy cows did not show any evidence of disease
except abortion, stillbirth and death of weak calves. Further studies need to be
carried out to prove the infectivity, serovar determination and implementation
of preventive measures among dairy farm and people at risk.