Pharmacokinetics of Enrofloxacin and Its
Metabolite Ciprofloxacin after Single Intramuscular Administration
in South AmericanRattlesnake (Crotalus Durissus
Terrificus)
Samanta Waxman1,
Ana Paula Prados1, Jose Julio de Lucas2,
Manuel Ignacio San Andres2, Pablo Regner3,
Vanessa Costa de Oliveira3, Adolfo De Roodt3
and Casilda Rodríguez2*
1Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Universidad de
Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, 1427, Argentina; 2Department
of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad
Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, Madrid, Spain; 3Laboratorio
de Toxinopatología, Centro de Patología Experimental y Aplicada,
Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires,
1121, Argentina *Corresponding author:rodfermc@vet.ucm.es
Abstract
Gram-negative organisms are implicated in serious
infectious diseases of reptile species, which play an important role as causes
of disease and death in captive snakes. Enrofloxacin represents a good
alternative to treat these bacterial infections. In previous studies,
significant pharmacokinetic differences with clinical implications have been
observed in the only two species of snakes studied. The pharmacokinetic behavior
of enrofloxacin was assessed in six South American rattlesnakes (Crotalus
durissus terrificus), following intramuscular injections of 10mg/kg.
High-performance liquid chromatography was used to measure the plasma
concentrations of enrofloxacin and its active metabolite, ciprofloxacin. In
rattlesnakes, enrofloxacin presented a slow absorption (Tmax=7.61±3.92h) with peak plasma concentration of 5.49±2.42µg/mL and a long elimination half-life (T1/2l=20.20±4.40h). Ciprofloxacin showed a high peak plasma
concentration of 1.57±0.72µg/mL at 33.63h and the fraction of enrofloxacin
metabolized to ciprofloxacin was around 45%. The long persistence (MRTt=57.71±15.78h; T1/2l= 33.86±11.97 h) and the high values of Cmax and AUC observed for
ciprofloxacin in the Crotalus genus
could indicate that the active metabolite might possess a high influence in the
antimicrobial effect in this species. We consider the administration of 10mg/kg
of enrofloxacin by the IM route to be a good choice in rattlesnakes against infections caused by microorganisms with
MIC values £2.31μg/ml.