A 15-month-old bull suffered from pyrexia, anorexia, convulsion, blindness and ataxia, which died after 6 weeks of onset of symptoms. Hematological and CSF examination indicated a preacute inflammatory condition although bacteriological examination gave a negative result. Histopathological examination of brain and cerebrospinal fluid analysis (CSF) showed evidence of amoebic infection. This is the first report which documented Acanthamoeba spp. as a causative agent of fetal encephalitis in cattle in Egypt with special attention for its diagnosis.

Key words: Acanthamoeba, Cattle, Egypt, Encephalitis