Surveillance of Avian Influenza Virus of H5N1
Subtype in Backyard Animals and Its Introduction in Bali, Indonesia
GN Mahardika*, AAAM Adi, NK Besung, NS Dharmawan,
GAY Kencana, ALT Rompis, P Sampurna, LE Setiasih, W Suardana, IBK
Suardana, GK Suarjana, N Suartha, GAA Suartini, NK Suwiti and IH
Utama
The Animal Biomedical and Molecular Biology
Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Udayana University, Jl.
PB Sudirman, Denpasar 80225, Bali, Indonesia;
*Corresponding author: gnmahardika@unud.ac.id
Abstract
Epidemiological studies of the highly pathogenic
avian influenza virus H5N1 (HPAIV-H5N1) in pet and backyard animals are limited.
Here we provide serological and virological evidences of infection in various
animals in households in Bali, Indonesia in 2005 and 2006. Serum and swab
samples from poultry, pigs, dogs, and cats were collected using a stratified
random sampling design. Antibodies against HPAIV-H5 were detected in sera using
the standard hemagglutination inhibition assay, and the presence of HPAIV-H5N1
in swabs was confirmed by using egg inoculation technique, a hemagglutination
assay, and molecular methods. The phylogeny and virus dispersal were inferred
using BEAST and SPREAD software. The results showed that the seroprevalence of
village chickens to waterfowl, poultry to pigs, and year of study varied
significantly in the province (P<0.001). The seroprevalences in dogs and cats
were 1.85% and 7.50%, respectively. Moreover, HPAIV-H5N1 was isolated in all
species except cats. The isolation rates varied between species and between the
years of surveillance, too. Virus dispersal analysis showed that isolates from
Bali grouped into two major clades with good statistical support. In light of
these findings, surveillance of HPAIV should be extended to all poultry and
mammalian species present in backyard environment.
To Cite This Article: Mahardika GN, Adi AAAM, Besung NK, Dharmawan NS,
Kencana GAY, Rompis ALT, Sampurna P, Setiasih LE, Suardana W, Suardana IBK,
Suarjana GK, Suartha N, Suartini GAA, Suwiti NK and Utama IH, 2018. Surveillance
of avian influenza virus of H5N1 subtype in backyard animals and its
introduction in Bali, Indonesia. Pak Vet J, 38(1): 7-12.
http://dx.doi.org/10.29261/pakvetj/2018.002