Phenotypic and Genotypic Antibiotic Resistance and
Virulence Profiling of
Enterococcus faecalis Isolated from Poultry at Two Major
Districts in Bangladesh
Md Shahjalal Sagor 1,2, Muhammad
Sazzad Hossain2, Tarequl Islam3,4*, Mohammad
Asheak Mahmud1,2, Md. Sujan Miah1,2, Md Rezaul
Karim2, Md Giasuddin2 and Mohammed Abdus Samad2*
1Department
of Microbiology, Jagannath University, Dhaka 1100; 2Animal
Health Research Division, Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute,
Savar-1341, Bangladesh; 3Department of Microbiology,
Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali-3814,
Bangladesh; 4Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam
University, Gyeongsan 38541, South Korea
*Corresponding author:
tarequembg@gmail.com;
msamad@blri.gov.bd
Abstract
The current study focuses on phenotypic and
genotypic antimicrobial tolerance and virulence of
Enterococcus faecalis (EF) isolated from poultry in Bangladesh.
Total 136 cloacal swab samples were collected randomly from meat and
egg-producing poultry and analyzed for E.
faecalis. The overall presence of E.
faecalis was 21.3% (n=29) where 34.5% commercial broiler (CB) (n=10), 51.7%
commercial layer (CL) (n=15) and 13.8% broiler breeder (BB) (n=04) were
infected. Among 13 tested antibiotics, the highest resistance was found to
penicillin G (100%), followed by streptomycin and tetracycline (97%). However,
only imipenem showed high sensitivity (86%) with zero resistance. A significant
level of multi-drug resistant (MDR) and possible-extremely drug resistant (XDR)
have been observed among 66.52 and 20.69% isolates respectively. The highest MIC
values (MIC50/MIC90)
were observed for sulfamethoxazole and chloramphenicol (≥1024/≥1024), while only
gentamicin showed satisfactory efficiency against E. faecalis (≤1/16). Phenotypically vancomycin-resistant isolates were found to
carry vanC2 and
vanA genes but the vanB gene was
found only among the intermediate isolates. There was a correlation between
vanA,
vanB and vanC2 genes with
virulence genes (gelE,
cpd and
asa1). Increased level of sequence similarity of multi-drug
resistant isolates with Asian and European virulent strains were observed. To
our knowledge, this is the first time report on genotypic vancomycin and
linezolid resistance in poultry in Bangladesh. This study indicated that
multiple antibiotic-resistant E. faecalis
strains isolated from the poultry of the study areas in Bangladesh could be
a possible source for disseminating antibiotic resistance and regarded as a
severe threat to public health.
To Cite This Article:
Sagor MS, Hossain MS, Islam T, Mahmud MA, Miah
MS, Karim MR, Giasuddin M and Samad MA, 2022.
Phenotypic and genotypic antibiotic
resistance and virulence profiling of
Enterococcus faecalis isolated from poultry at two major districts in
Bangladesh. Pak Vet J, 42(2): 153-160.
http://dx.doi.org/10.29261/pakvetj/2022.019