Ameliorative Potential of Kaempferide to Counteract Paraquat
Instigated Nephrotoxicity in Rats
Muhammad Umar Ijaz1,*, Ayesha Siddiqa1, Ali
Akbar1, Nazia Ehsan1, Khalid A. Al-Ghanim2
and Mian Nadeem Riaz3
1Department
of Zoology, Wildlife and Fisheries, University of Agriculture,
Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
2Department
of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455,
Riyadh 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 3Texas A & M
University, College Station, TX 2476, USA
*Corresponding author:
umar.ijaz@uaf.edu.pk
Abstract
Paraquat (PQT) is
among the most toxic herbicides that possesses the potential to exert
deleterious effects on animal and human health. Kaempferide
(KMF) is a natural flavanol that manifests profound therapeutic potential. Rats
(n=24) were separated into 4 groups i.e., Control, PQT 5 mgkg-1, PQT
5 mgkg-1 + KMF 20 mgkg-1 and KMF 20 mgkg-1
administered group. After 30 days of treatment, our results revealed that PQT
exposure reduced the activities of antioxidant enzymes i.e., glutathione S-transferase
(GST), glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase
(GSR), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1)
while increased the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species
(ROS). Furthermore, PQT intoxication reduced the level of renal biomarkers i.e.,
creatinine clearance, and increased the level of creatinine, urea, neutrophil
gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1). In
addition to this, it increased the levels of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB),
tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-a), interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) and interleukin-6
(IL-6) as well as increased the activity of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2).Furthermore, PQT exposure increased the levels of caspase-9, Bax and
caspase-3 while it decreased the levels of Bcl-2. Additionally, histological
analysis showed substantial renal tissue damage in PQT intoxicated rats.
However, KMF treatment recovered the renal impairments. Therefore, it is
proposed that KMF may be used as a nephroprotective agent against PQT-prompted
renal toxicity.
To Cite This Article:
Ijaz1 MU, Siddiqa A,
Akbar A, Ehsan N, Al-Ghanim K.A, Riaz MN, 2024. Ameliorative potential of
kaempferide to counteract paraquat instigated nephrotoxicity in rats. Pak Vet J,
44(3): 944-948.
http://dx.doi.org/10.29261/pakvetj/2024.228