Seroprevalence, Molecular Confirmation and Application of
Bacteriophage as A Potential Prophylactic Therapy Against Fowl
Typhoid Disease in Commercial Poultry Birds
M. Zulqarnain Shakir1, Farzana Rizvi2,
Faisal Masoud3, Azhar Rafique4*,M. Wasim Usmani1,
M. Noman Naseem5 and M. Usman6
1Institute of Drug Discovery
Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; 2Department
of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of
Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan; 3Institute of Microbiology, University of
Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan; 4Department of Zoology, Government college university,
Faisalabad, Pakistan; 5School
of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Australia;
6Department of Basic Sciences (Histology), University of
Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan *Corresponding author: azharrafique96@gmail.com
Abstract
Fowl Typhoid (FT) is a septicemic disease caused
by Salmonella Gallinaurm that affects poultry birds at any age. This
study was aimed to determine the prevalence of FT and the use of bacteriophages
as an effective prophylactic intervention. For this purpose, commercial layer
farms located in district Layyah were visited and a total of 520 cloacal swabs
and tissue samples (liver, spleen, and air sac) were collected from clinically
FT-suspected birds followed by SG isolation and confirmation through
conventional and molecular approach. Bacteriophages and antibiotics in diseased
birds were administered and found that treated groups gained more weight, had
less morbidity, and mortality than control groups. Among brown layers, 21.53%
samples were found positive for Salmonella as compared to 12.69% among
commercial white layers. Winter had the highest Salmonella distribution
(18.46%) among white layers, followed by autumn (13.84%), spring (10.76%), and
summer (7.69%). The disease was reduced by the bacteriophage supplementation, as
it enhanced overall growth performance and reduced disease burden by elevating
immunity levels. Phages improved development and immunological response,
indicating their potential as an alternative to antibiotics for avoiding fowl
typhoid in layer chickens.
To Cite This Article:
Shakir MZ, Rizvi F,
Masoud F, Rafique A, Usmani MW, Naseem MN and Usman M, 2024.
Seroprevalence, molecular confirmation and application of bacteriophage as
a potential prophylactic therapy against fowl typhoid disease in commercial
poultry birds. Pak Vet J, 44(4): 1185-1192.
http://dx.doi.org/10.29261/pakvetj/2024.302