PAKISTAN VETERINARY JOURNAL

Pak Vet J, 2024, 44(3): 763-775

Mycogenic Zinc Nanoparticles with Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Antiviral, Anticancer and anti-Alzheimer Activities Mitigate the Aluminium Toxicity in Mice: Effects on Liver, Kidney, and Brain Health and Growth Performance

Hawazen K. Al‑Gheffari¹, Salma M. Aljahdali², Mody Albalawi³, Amnah Obidan³, Najat Binothman⁴, Majidah Aljadani⁴, Nouf Aldawood⁵, Nada F. Alahmady^6,7, Saif Saad Alqahtani⁸, Abdullah M. Alkahtani⁹, Aminah Allohibi¹⁰, Widad Abu al-Khair¹¹, Khaled M. Wahdan¹², Nahla Alsayd Bouqellah^13*

¹Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; ²Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; ³Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; ⁴Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences & Arts, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh 21911, Saudi Arabia; ⁵Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O.Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia; ⁶Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, P. O. Box 1982, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia; ⁷Basic and Applied Scientific Research Center (BASRC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, PO Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia; ⁸Immunology and Flowcytometry Department, Riyadh Regional Laboratory, Riyadh 11425, Saudi Arabia; ⁹Department of Microbiology & Clinical Parasitology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia; ¹⁰Biological Sciences Department, College of Science & Arts, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh 21911, Saudi Arabia; ¹¹National Medical Research Center, Faculty of Science, Zawiya University, Libya; ¹² Department of Agricultural Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt; ¹³Department of Biology, College of Science, Taibah University, Almadina Almunawwarah 42317-8599, Saudi Arabia
*Corresponding author: Nahla Alsayd Bouqellah (Nbouqellah@taibahu.edu.sa)

Abstract

This study investigates the in vitro and in vivo biological activities of mycogenic Zn nanoparticles synthesized by Aspergillus fumigatus (AFZN) as an effective neurological, antioxidant, antibacterial, antiviral, and anticancer agents besides mitigating the Al toxicity in albino mice. The spherical AFZN were 39nm in size and -23.6mV charge; these properties possessed the antioxidant, anticancer, antibacterial, antiviral, and anti-alzheimer activities. The in vitro findings revealed that AFZN (100 µg/mL) significantly inhibited 89% of DPPH radicals, 84% of the activity of AChE, and 85% of brain cancer cell lines besides pathogenic bacteria. The obtained ZnNPs reduced the severity of the lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) by 84%. The antioxidant and neurological activity of ZnNPs in AlCl₃-challenged mice were evaluated; therefore, 120 mice were allocated into six groups: control, three groups received ZnNPs concentrations (25, 50, and 75 mg/kg), AlCl₃-challenged group, and AlCl₃-challenged group and treated with ZnNPs (75 mg/kg). The dietary ZnNPs (75 mg/kg) significantly enhanced body weight gain, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio compared to the control and AlCl₃-challenged group. The liver enzymes (AST and ALT), uric acid, total cholesterol, LDL, and MDA were at a high level in AlCl₃- challenged groups, whereas ZnNPs (75 mg/kg) treatment enhanced the oxidative stability and immunity markers in the AlCl₃-challenged group, where decreased MDA, and enhanced the activity of the enzymatic defence system (SOD, CAT, and GPx). Also, it downregulated the brain, liver, and renal proinflammatory (OCCU and MUC-1, IL-6, and IL-1β) and pro-cancerous (Bax and caspase-3) markers in the AlCl₃-challenged group. The brain, liver, and kidney histology correlated with the results of biochemical parameters, where ZnNPs application recovered the tissue structure as control. It concluded that mycogenic ZnNPs can be used as an antioxidant and anti-alzheimer agent in the AlCl₃-challenged group.

To Cite This Article: Al‑Gheffari HK, Aljahdali SM, Albalawi M, Obidan A, Binothman N, Aljadani M, Aldawood N, Alahmady NF, Alqahtani SS, Alkahtani AM, Allohibi A, Abu al-Khair W, Wahdan KM, Bouqellah NA, 2024. Mycogenic zinc nanoparticles with antimicrobial, antioxidant, antiviral, anticancer, and anti-alzheimer activities mitigate the aluminium toxicity in mice: effects on liver, kidney, and brain health and growth performance. Pak Vet J, 44(3): 763-775. http://dx.doi.org/10.29261/pakvetj/2024.252

Abstract

ISSN 0253-8318 (Print)ISSN 2074-7764 (Online)

ISSN 0253-8318 (Print)
ISSN 2074-7764 (Online)