The poultry industry significantly contributes to GDP and revenue generation in multiple countries worldwide. The poultry sector relies on broiler production and its performance because the broilers are an economical source of a high-protein diet and their short span of production. However, there are multiple problems being faced by the broiler production, including stress, loss of production, and disease vulnerability. Antibiotic resistance and a decline in the efficiency of growth promoters have led scientists to focus on alternative strategies. Among all alternative strategies, probiotics have been found to have multiple biological activities. Probiotics such as Lactobacillus, Bacillus, and Bifidobacterium species improve nutrient utilization, strengthen gut barrier integrity, and reduce pathogen colonization. Enhanced butyrate production and activation of microbiota–immune signalling pathways were identified as central mechanisms driving improved health and productivity. This review mainly explains the activities of probiotics in improving the carcass quality, immunity, and gut microbiota of broiler birds.

To Cite This Article: Li Z, Rafique MS, Li A and Yuan H, 2025. Effects of probiotics on carcass, gut microbiota, and immunity of broilers. Pak Vet J, 45(4): 1514-1523. http://dx.doi.org/10.29261/pakvetj/2025.326