Antinematicidal Activity of Nicotiana tabacum L. Leaf
Extracts to Control Benzimidazole-Resistant Haemonchus contortus
in Sheep
Kareem Khoshnow Hamad*, Zafar Iqbal, ZiaudDin Sindhu and Ghulam Muhammad1
Department of Parasitology, 1Department
of Clinical Medicine and Surgery,
University
of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
*Corresponding author:
kk_hamad@yahoo.com
Abstract
This study was carried out to assess the efficacy
of Nicotiana (N.) tabacum leaves to control benzimidazole-resistant
Haemonchus (H.) contortus in sheep. Fecal egg count
reduction test (FECRT) and egg hatch assay (EHA) revealed catastrophic levels of
resistance in H. contortus of sheep against oxfendazole, a member of benzimidazole
group of antinematicidals. Antinematicidal efficacy of
N. tabacum leaves was evaluated
employing EHA, adult motility test (AMT) and FECRT. There was a dose and time
dependent antinematicidal activity of crude aqueous methanol extract (CAME) of
N. tabacum leaves with estimated LC50
values of 0.566 and 1.91 mg ml-1 in EHA and AMT, respectively. There
was, however, no significant-difference (P>0.05) in fecal egg count reduction
(87.5 vs 88.6%) in sheep at low (2g kg-1 BW) and high (4g kg-1
BW) doses of CAME of N. tabacum
leaves.Administration of
N. tabacum leaves at low dose (2 g kg-1
BW) did not exhibit untoward effects in animals; therefore, may be used in sheep
harboring antinematicidal- resistant populations of
H. contortus.