Embryotoxic and Histopathological Investigations
of In-Ovo Inoculation of Aflatoxigenic Fungal Extracts in Chicken
Embryos
Muhammad Kashif Saleemi*, Muhammad Zargham Khan,
Ahrar Khan, Zahoor Ul Hassan1, Wajid Arshad Khan2,
Shahid Rafique3, Zahida Fatima3 and Asim
Sultan2
Department of Pathology, University of
Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan; 1Department of Animal
Health, The University of Agriculture Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan;
2Livestock and Dairy Development Department, Punjab,
Pakistan; 3Animal Sciences Division, Pakistan
Agricultural Research Council, Islamabad, Pakistan *Corresponding author: drkashif313@gmail.com
Abstract
The present study was executed to investigate the
embryotoxic effect of in-ovo
inoculation of aflatoxigenic fungal extracts isolated from poultry feed and its
ingredients. A total of 12 aflatoxigenic fungal isolates were randomly selected
for determination of their embryo toxicity potential. The extract of each fungal
isolate containing 10 and 100 ng/egg aflatoxin (AF), from each isolate were
separately injected through chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) route into 12 embryos
(96 hours old). The parameters studied included embryo mortality, hatchability,
body weight, relative organ weights, gross and histopathological lesions. A
variable degree of mortality and hatchability was observed in embryos
administered same dose of AF produced by different isolates. However,
calculations based upon the concentration of AFB1 in each dose revealed high
mortality in embryos receiving higher amount of AFB1 compared with those
receiving lower amount of AFB1. Embryonic mortality was 25.00 and 66.67% in
embryos which received 0.00 and 9.83 ng/egg AFB1, respectively. In one case,
however, 16.67% mortality was present in embryos which received 2.19 ng/egg
AFB1. Similarly in AF 100 group, embryonic mortality reached 100% in embryos
receiving above 90 ng/egg AFB1. For eggs receiving AFB1 between 78.83 and 84.64
ng/egg, morality was 50 and 83.3%, respectively. All the treatment groups had
significantly higher relative weight of liver and kidney than control. Fatty
change and individual cell necrosis were significantly higher in AF-100 compared
with AF-10 group. In kidneys, congestion and tubular necrosis were significantly
higher in AF-100 than that in AF-10 group. Microscopically, liver and kidneys
showed severe changes in chicks produced from eggs of high dose groups compared
with those of low dose groups suggesting a dose related response. In conclusion
inoculation of aflatoxigenic fungal extracts leads to high embryonic mortality
and embryonic toxicity.