Molecular Epidemiology of the Two Internal Genes
of Equine Influenza H3N8 Virus Isolated in Pakistan 2015-16
Amjad Khan*1, Muhammad Hassan Mushtaq1,
Mansur Ud Din Ahmad1, Jawad Nazir1, Zahida
Fatima2, Asghar Khan3 and Shahid Hussain
Farooqi3
1Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, The
University of Veterinary and
Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; 2Pakistan
Agricultural Research Council, Islamabad, 33000, Pakistan; 3Department
of Clinical Medicine and Surgery; The
University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000,
Pakistan *Corresponding author: dramjadkhan77@gmail.com
Abstract
An outbreak of equine influenza was detected in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa during the
years 2015-16. The isolated viruses were typed for the first time in Pakistan as
H3N8 and grouped with the Clade 1 viruses of Florida sub-lineages on the basis
of Hemagglutinin (HA) and Neuraminidase (NA) gene sequence analysis. Here we
described the genetic analysis of two internal genes (Nucleoprotein and Matrix)
of the Pakistani isolates. The primer pairs were designed to amplify the NP and
M internal genes of the 19 equine H3N8 influenza A viruses identified and
isolated in this outbreak. Phylogenetic analysis of the derived sequences was
performed and compared with the contemporary available sequences online.
Comparison of the nucleotide sequences of the two internal genes of the
Pakistani strains showed high similarity (99.7-100%) with the avian influenza A
viruses (Avian/Pakistan/H7N3/ 2004) isolated in Pakistan. Two major
substitutions i.e. F63L and K243R were recorded in Matrix gene of the isolates
from the closely related Chicken/Pakistan/04 H7N3 virus. Notably NP gene did not
acquire any amino acid substitution on comparison with Chicken/Pakistan/04. All
isolates shared 99.5-99.9% homology with the reference sequences on alignment
for M1 and NP amino acid sequences, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis revealed
clustering of the Pakistani isolates with the avian viruses isolated in Pakistan
in previous outbreaks in commercial and backyard poultry.
Epidemiological investigation of the outbreak suggested that reassortment
of equine H3N8 viruses with avian Influenza A H7N3 most probably, might be due
to the mix farming system here. In conclusion, Phylogenetic analysis of the
internal genes reported here will be helpful in early detection and control of
EI.
To Cite This Article: Khan A, Mushtaq MH, Ahmad MUD, Nazir J, Fatima Z, Khan
A and Farooqi SH, 2018. Molecular epidemiology of the two internal genes of
equine influenza h3n8 virus isolated in Pakistan 2015-16. Pak Vet J, 38(1):
96-100.
http://dx.doi.org/10.29261/pakvetj/2018.019