In-ovo Antiviral Effect of
Nigella sativa Extract against Newcastle Disease Virus in
Experimentally Infected Chicken Embryonated Eggs
Arif Ullah Khan1*, Muhammad Yasin Tipu1,
Muhammad Shafee3, Naimat Ullah Khan2, Muhammad
Masood Tariq Kiani3, Majed Rafeeq3 and Syed
Iftikhar Ali Shah1
1Department
of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of
Veterinary and Animal
Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan; 2Lecturer, Department of
Veterinary Medicine, Abdul Wali Khan, University Mardan, Pakistan 3Assistant Professor, Center for
Advanced Studies in Vaccinology & Biotechnology (CASVAB) University
of Balochistan Quetta, Pakistan;
*Corresponding author: Shafeedr73@gmail.com
Abstract
Black seed (Nigella sativa)
is an important medicinal herbal plant used to treat different ailments. In the
present experiment antiviral effects of black seed was evaluated. Ethanolic
extact of black seed was usd in the embryonated eggs inoculated with Newcastle
Disease Virus (NDV). For this purpose Sixty
(n=60) embryonated chicken eggs (14th day), were randomly divided
into 5 groups (G 1-5) with 12 eggs in each group. The treatment groups were G1
(control negative) and G2 (control positive) groups were inoculated with NDV @
0.2ml/egg of (10-10.2 EID50), G3 (NDV+
Nigella sativa, 0.2mg /0.2ml), G4 (Nigella
sativa only, 0.2mg/0.2 ml) and G5 (NDV+ Ribavirin 20µg/ml). Egg candling,
histopathology and gross pathology were performed after 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours
post inoculation. Different survival rates were observed in different groups
such as, G1 and G4 (100%), G2 (33%), G3 (75%) and G5 (83%), respectively
exhibiting significant difference (P<0.05) between groups. The gross study of G2
showed degeneration of thigh muscle and severe haemorrhages, while in G3 and G5
the lesions were not intense and showing viral inhibition effects of herbal
extract and Ribavirin. Degeneration in hepatocytes, mild necrosis, lymphocytosis
and increased number of macrophages were also evident in G3 and G5.There were dominant population of plasma cells, lymphocytes with mild
degeneration and lymphoblasts. In G2 degeneration of bursal follicles, while in
G3 and G5 aggregation of lymphocytes and lymphoblasts, developed bursal
follicles with clear cortex and medulla was noticed. The gross examination and
histopathology of the embryonated eggs revealed that Nigella sativa extract have strong immunotherapeutic effect against NDV infcetion.
To Cite This Article:
Khan AU, Tipu MY, Shafee M, Khan NU, Kiani MMT,
Rafeeq M and Shah SIA, 2018. In-ovo
antiviral effect of Nigella sativa
extract against Newcastle Disease Virus in experimentally infected chicken
embryonated eggs. Pak Vet J, 38(4): 434-437. http://dx.doi.org/10.29261/pakvetj/2018.075